One of the hottest topics in analytic number theory involves the use of statistics and probability in understanding different aspects of algebraic and analytic number theory, through various new lenses. This is reflected in some of the most exciting number theory research of the last few years (for example, of Bhargava, of Ellenberg and Venkatesh, of Alexander Smith, of Sawin and Wood, of Adam Harper, of Koukoulopoulos and Maynard, of Helfgott and Radziwill, of Pilatte,....). As a consequence the CRM will host a thematic semester Mar 2-July 3, 2026 on these topics involving some of the world leaders in the subject. Since this new area can roughly be split in two into Algebraic and Analytic, we will focus for two months on each, with the SMS school placed in the middle. The 2026 SMS will introduce junior mathematicians to important trends in number theory.